Visual Studio Code It's a powerful 、 Extensible and lightweight code editor , After years of development , Has become a Python One of the community's preferred code editors
Next we will learn how to install Visual Studio Code And set it to Python development tool , And how to use it VS Code Improve programming efficiency
Let's do it!
Next, we will step by step introduce how to macOS Installation on VS Code
because Windows and macOS The essential difference , If the partner is Windows user , Then you need to make some small changes to install VS Code. But in Windows Installation on VS Code It's very simple , It is completely similar to installing other Windows Applications , All the way Next that will do
Download from its official website for macOS or Windows Of Visual Studio Code. The download page will automatically detect our operating system and display a large button , Used to download the latest version of the installer on your computer . without , You can click the down arrow button and select a stable device that matches the operating system installed on our computer VS Code edition
Double click the downloaded file , Extract archived content
take Visual Studio Code The application moves to Application Folder to make it in macOS Available in the launchpad
start-up Visual Studio Code, Then open the Python The folder where the script is located or create a new folder . for example , Create a new folder on our desktop , And named it py_scripts, Then try to VS Code Open this folder on . Generally speaking ,VS Code We need permission to access Desktop Files in folder
Besides , It may also be necessary to declare that our trust is stored in Desktop The author of the file in the folder
Create an extension called .py The new document of . For example, create a new file and name it prog_01.py.VS Code detected .py Extension and want to install Python Expand
To be in VS Code Use in Python, We need to install Python Expand , It brings many useful functions , For example, with code complement 、 debugging 、 Unit test support and other functions
Click on the install
We can also browse the extension to install Python Expand . Click on VS Code Left side Extensions Icon
This will show VS Code market The most popular VS Code Extended list . Now we can choose Python Expand and install it
After installing the extension , We have to choose by hand Python Interpreter , Click Select Python Interpreter
Then select the recommended... From the list Python Interpreter
If our Mac Multiple Python edition , You need to choose here
Now we have in VS Code Write and run in Python Everything the code needs , Next let's go to VS Code To write the following code , Then run it
def palindrome(a):
a = a.upper()
return a == a[::-1]
name = input("Enter a name: ")
if palindrome(name):
print("It's a palindrome name.")
else:
print("It's not a palindrome name.")By clicking VS Code In the top right corner of the ️ Button to run the code , We can see the corresponding output on the terminal . First ask for the name , Enter a name , Then press enter . It outputs It's a palindrome name. If the name entered is palindrome , Otherwise output It's not a palindrome name..
Palindromes are a sequence of letters , Read the same way before and after , for example Hannah、Anna and Bob
As we can see , All outputs appear in the integrated terminal , Let's talk more about this wonderful function
VS Code By embedding this nice feature into IDE It brings great convenience to developers , Because executing terminal commands is almost an integral part of writing code . To view the terminal , We can do it in macOS or Windows Type... On the machine Ctrl + `, Or use View > Terminal The menu command . Besides , If we want to kill the integrated terminal , You can click... In the upper right corner of the terminal window bin Icon . Technically speaking , The integrated terminal uses the installed on the computer shell — for example ,Windows Upper PowerShell Or command prompt , as well as macOS and Linux Upper bash or zsh
Visual Studio Code Allows us to customize the appearance of the terminal . Open the terminal settings page , Click the down arrow button in the upper right corner of the terminal window , Then select the configure terminal settings option , You can easily customize the font 、 Spacing and cursor style
VS Code Another nice feature of is that we can easily work in multiple shell Switch between , You can even change the default used in the integration terminal shell. Please click the down arrow button in the upper right corner of the terminal window , And then choose Select Default Profile Options
A pre populated list of available shell list , You can select one of them as the default terminal shell. Let's choose bash shell
Create a new terminal by clicking the plus icon in the upper right corner of the terminal window , It will use bash shell, As shown below
VS Code Another very useful function in is to run one or more lines of code , Just select them and choose from the context menu Run Selection/Line in Python Terminal Options
Created above Python In file , Write the following statement
print("Hello, world!")Then select the statement , And right-click and select Run Selection/Line in Python Terminal Options , As shown below
The output appears in the integrated terminal , But in different forms , be called REPL. Let's take a closer look at REPL And its advantages
REPL For read 、 assessment 、 Print 、 loop . It's a use Python The interactive mode of interpreter and running commands directly in the terminal . stay REPL in , Three right arrow symbols indicate the input line
stay VS Code Start in REPL Another way to do this is as follows ： Open the command panel , Search for REPL, And then click Python: Start REPL
An interactive screen will appear Python shell, We can do it in >>> Enter the command... At the prompt , Then just press Enter or return Key to execute them , As shown below
REPL A great feature of is that we can immediately see the result of running the command , So if we want to try some lines of code or try to use API,REPL It's a good way
We should get into the habit of writing code in an appropriate format immediately after we start writing programs ,Python There is a famous Python Code style guide , be called PEP 8, It makes our code easy to read and understand . We can do it in Python Check the style guide on the official website
https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
Next we will learn how to use Autopep8 The package automatically applies the format to our code . This package can be used pip Command to install , Auto format Python Code to match PEP 8 Style guide . without doubt VS Code Support use Autopep8 Package for automatic code formatting
Let's see how to install the package and install it in VS Code Enable it in
First , Execute the following commands in the integration terminal Autopep8 package
pip3 install autopep8 After installation , Turn off the terminal . Now open VS Code Set up , Search for “Python formatting”,Autopep8 Path and Provider All fields need to be filled in as autopep8
The last step is to enable automatic formatting when saving
When we save files , Enabling this feature will result in Python Apply all... On the source file PEP 8 The rules
In discussion VS Code Refactoring in Python Before code , Let's first look at the definition of refactoring
Code refactoring is the process of refactoring existing computer code —— Change factorization —— Without changing its external behavior to make it easier to read and maintain —— Wikipedia
Python Extensions provide basic refactoring capabilities , For example, rename the symbol 、 Extraction method 、 Extract variables, etc . for example , To put palindrome() Change the method name to check_palindrome(), Please right-click the method name , And then choose Rename Symbol Options ：
Enter a new name in the text box check_palindrome, Then press Enter rename
Now we can see that the relevant names of all palindromes have been changed to check_palindrome
Now let's try extract method function , Create a new Python File and paste the following code into it
height = 5
width = 4
area = height * width
print("Room's area =", area, "square meters")Select the third line , Right click , Then select the refactoring option from the context menu
And then click Extract method Button , Enter the new name in the text box that appears calc_area, Then press enter to rename
A very important function is Visual Studio Code Support use Jupyter Notebooks. To run the current file in an interactive window , You can right-click the file name... In the Explorer pane , Then select from the context menu “ Run the current file in an interactive window ” Options , As shown below
If not already installed Jupyter package , It will display a dialog box and ask to install it
After installation, an interactive window will appear , At this time, you need to enter a name to judge whether it is a palindrome
Last , You can see the results in the interactive window , as follows
Besides , To be in VS Code Create a new Jupyter Notebook, The command panel needs to be opened , And then choose Jupyter: Create New Jupyter Notebook, As shown below
It will create a new Jupyter Notebook, Can be in VS Code Simply create markdown And code units
good , That's all I share today , Just order one if you like Looking at Well ~
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