because Python It's cross platform , It can run in Windows、Mac And all kinds of Linux/Unix On the system . stay Windows Write on Python Program , Put it in Linux It can also run on .
Start learning Python Programming , First of all, we have to put Python Install into your computer . After installation , You will get Python Interpreter （ It's running Python programmatic ）, A command line interaction environment , There is also a simple integrated development environment .
at present ,Python There are two versions , One is 2.x edition , One is 3.x edition , The two versions are not compatible . because 3.x The version is becoming more and more popular , Choose later 3.x Version to install .
Python Official website download address : https://www.python.org/downloads/
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On the hook Add Python 3.8 to PATH, Then click “Install Now” To complete the installation .
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After installation , open windows Command line window for .
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Run on the command line python, The following prompt indicates that the installation is successful .
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After entering the terminal , Input exit() You can quit Python Command line .
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Python After successful installation , stay python In interactive environment mode , You can simply learn Python First code of ：
C:\Users\11266>python
Python 3.8.0 (tags/v3.8.0:fa919fd, Oct 14 2019, 19:21:23) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 100+500 # Input significant numbers directly for operation
600
>>> 300-100
200
>>> print("hello python") # Print text
hello python
>>> print('hello python') # Print text
hello python
>>> exit() # Exit the interactive command line
C:\Users\11266>
Ubuntu18.04 Pre installed Python The version is 3.6.8,Python3.6.8 yes 3.6 Last version of .
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install Python3.8.0 You can go to Python Download the source package from the official website, install and compile it : https://www.python.org/downloads/source/
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Decompress the source package after it is downloaded successfully , Unzip it , You're ready to install .
Carry out orders :# ./configure Detect installation environment dependencies, etc , After inspection , If there are dependencies that need to be installed , Use apt install .
Execute the compile source code command : # make
Then use the install command ：# make install
Ubuntu18.04 Command line actual operation process :
[email protected]:~/ download $ ls
Python-3.8.0.tar.xz
[email protected]:~/ download $ sudo tar xvf Python-3.8.0.tar.xz
[email protected]:~/ download $ cd Python-3.8.0/
[email protected]:~/ download /Python-3.8.0$ ./configure
[email protected]:~/ download /Python-3.8.0$sudo make
[email protected]:~/ download /Python-3.8.0$sudo make install
without make perhaps gcc command , Just install one according to the prompts .
Errors may be reported during compilation and installation , Install the dependency library :
[email protected]:~/ download /Python-3.8.0$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
[email protected]:~/ download /Python-3.8.0$ sudo apt install make
[email protected]:~/ download /Python-3.8.0$ sudo apt install gcc
After successful installation , The unzipped package and source package can be deleted . Release space , Enter at the command line python3 You can go in Python Interactive command line .
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(1) Interactive interpreter
You can access through the command line window python And start writing... In the interactive interpreter Python Code .
Example :
C:\Users\11266>python
Python 3.8.0 (tags/v3.8.0:fa919fd, Oct 14 2019, 19:21:23) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 123+5
128
>>> 666-100
566
>>> print("hello world")
hello world
(2) Command line scripts
To write Python Code , Can be Python Save code to .py Text file with extension , such as : code.py.
Example : Write the following code to a text editor , And save it as code.py
print("hello world")
print("123+456=",123+456)
Enter into code.py In the directory where the files are stored , Use python The interpreter runs code.py file .
[email protected]:/$ cd /mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir/
[email protected]:/mnt/hgfs/linux-share-dir$ python3 code.py
hello world
123+456= 579
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stay linux Next ,python Files can also be run directly , But when writing code, you need to specify the interpreter in the first line of the file , And assign executable permissions to the file . ( If you do not specify an interpreter , Script default use /bin/bash shell The interpreter runs )
Sample code :
#!/usr/bin/env python3
print("hello world")
print("123+456=",123+456)
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2.4 To write Python Recommended editor
(1) PyCharm
PyCharm It's a kind of Python IDE, With a complete set can help users in using Python A tool to improve the efficiency of language development . Such as debugging 、 Syntax highlighting 、Project management 、 Code jump 、 Smart tips 、 Done automatically 、 unit testing 、 version control . Besides , The IDE There are some advanced features , To support Django Under the framework of professional Web Development .
(2) Visual Studio Code
Microsoft stay 2015 year 4 month 30 Japan Build It was officially announced at the developer conference Visual Studio Code project : One runs on Mac OS X、Windows and Linux Above , For writing modern Web And cross platform source code editor for Cloud Applications .
Download address : https://code.visualstudio.com/
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(3) Notepad++
Notepad( Notepad ) It's a code editor or WINDOWS The applet in , For text editing , In terms of text editing and Windows The tablet function is quite . It's an open source 、 small 、 Free plain text editor .
Download address : https://notepad-plus-plus.org/downloads/
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(4) sublime text
Sublime Text 3 Is a popular code editor software , It's also HTML And prose advanced text editor , Can run in Linux,Windows and Mac OS X. It is also a text editor software that many programmers like to use .
Download address : http://www.sublimetext.com/3
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After downloading the installation package , Double click the mouse directly to run .
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After the software is installed, the following settings Visual Studio Support Chinese language
Start by opening Visual Studio Software , Then press the F1 perhaps Shift + Ctrl + P：
Then type on the command line Configure Display Language
Select the installation language option .
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After installation, there is a prompt in the lower right corner to restart , Click restart .
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New text file , The saved suffix is .py.
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Here's how to change the color vscode Built in color theme method .
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First go to the official website to download Linux Installation package under .
Download address : https://code.visualstudio.com/
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Set up Visual Studio Support Chinese language , open Visual Studio Software , Then press the F1 perhaps Shift + Ctrl + P：
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Then type on the command line “Configure Display Language” Back to confirm , Select the installation language option .
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Set the font of the terminal to equal line font monospace
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