Text
string： General string operations re： Regular expression operations difflib： Difference calculation tool textwrap： Text filling unicodedata：Unicode Character database stringprep： Internet string preparation tool readline：GNU Read interface by line rlcompleter：GNU Read by line implementation function
binary data
struct： Parse bytes into packed binary data codecs： Registry and base class codec
data type
datetime： Tools based on date and time calendar： General month function collections： Container data type collections.abc： Container virtual base class heapq： Heap queue algorithm bisect： Array bisection algorithm array： Efficient array of values weakref： Weak reference types： Dynamic creation and naming of built-in types copy： Shallow copy and deep copy pprint： Format output reprlib： alternate repr() The implementation of the
mathematics
numbers： The virtual base class of a number math： Mathematical functions cmath： Mathematical functions of complex numbers decimal： Fixed point number and floating point number calculation fractions： Rational number random： Generate pseudo-random numbers
Functional programming
itertools： Generate iterators for efficient loops functools： Higher order functions and operations on callable objects operator： Standard operations for functions
Files and directories
os.path： Generic pathname control fileinput： Traversing rows from multiple input streams stat： explain stat() Result filecmp： File and directory comparison function tempfile： Generate temporary files and directories glob：Unix Style pathname format extension fnmatch：Unix Style path name format comparison linecache： Random storage of text lines shutil： Advanced file operations macpath：MacOS 9 Path control function
Persistence
pickle：Python Object serialization copyreg： Registration machine pair pickle Support functions for shelve：Python Object persistence marshal： Inside Python Object serialization dbm：Unix“ database ” Interface sqlite3： in the light of SQLite Database API2.0
Compress
zlib： compatible gzip Compression of gzip： Yes gzip File support bz2： Yes bzip2 Compression support lzma： Use LZMA Algorithm compression zipfile： operation ZIP The archive tarfile： Reading and writing tar Archive file
File format
csv： Reading and writing CSV file configparser： Profile parser netrc：netrc File processor xdrlib：XDR Data encoding and decoding plistlib： Generate and parse Mac OS X.plist file
encryption
hashlib： Secure hash and message digest hmac： Key hash for message authentication
Operating system tools
os： Multiple operating system interfaces io： Stream core tools time： Time query and conversion argparser： Command line options 、 Parsers for parameters and subcommands optparser： Command line options parser getopt：C Style command line options parser logging：Python Logging tools logging.config： Log configuration logging.handlers： Log processor getpass： Easy password input curses： Terminal processing of character display curses.textpad：curses The text input field of the program curses.ascii：ASCII Character set tools curses.panel：curses Control stack extension platform： Access to the underlying platform authentication data errno： Standard error mark ctypes：Python External function library
Concurrent
threading： Thread based parallelism multiprocessing： Process based parallelism concurrent： Contract issuance concurrent.futures： Start parallel tasks subprocess： Subprocess Management sched： Event scheduling queue： Synchronous queue select： wait for I / O complete dummy_threading：threading Replacement of modules （ When _thread Is not available ） _thread： The underlying thread API（threading Based on it ） _dummy_thread：_thread Replacement of modules （ When _thread Is not available ）
Interprocess communication
socket： The underlying network interface ssl：socket Object's TLS / SSL Stuffer asyncore： Asynchronous socket processor asynchat： Asynchronous socket command / Response processor signal： Asynchronous transaction signal processor mmap： Memory mapped files support
