Python Tkinter - Chapter 7 framework controls (frame and labelframe)

The first 7 Chapter Frame controls (Frame And LabelFrame)
Frame controls (Frame and LabelFrame), Create a rectangular area on the screen , More as a container to layout other controls , Such as tag 、 Button 、 Input box, etc , Can be laid out in a frame . Frame controls are generally used when the layout is very complex , Especially when there are many controls that need to be used . You can think of a frame control as a container , It can store various controls . Imagine a closet partition or shelf in your home , Different clothes can be well classified and placed , The frame control is used for this effect . If there is no frame control , Many complex layouts are difficult to complete or implement .

7.1 Property list
The specific attributes are listed as follows ：

attribute describe background
bg The background color of the frame control . The default is the system specified color borderwidth
bd The border width of the frame control . It's usually 0 Pixel values , It's borderless .class Assign a frame to the frame class name .colormap Appoint colormap, Generally used in 256 Color case .container The default value is False. If True You cannot create child controls cursor When the mouse moves over the frame , Displayed cursor style .height Set the height of the frame .highlightbackground When the frame loses focus , The background color of the border highlightcolor When the framework gains focus , The highlight color of the border highlightthickness Set when the frame gains or loses focus , The width of the highlighted border padx The inner margin in the horizontal direction pady The inner margin in the vertical direction relief Border beautification effect . The default value is FLAT, Other options include ：SUNKEN, RAISED, GROOVE, and RIDGEtakefocus Set whether you can use Tab Key to move the focus to the frame control .visual How to display the frame control , The value is best, directcolor, grayscale, greyscale, pseudocolor, staticcolor, staticgray, staticgrey, truecolor, perhaps default. But in addition to best,truecolor as well as default, Other values are no longer applicable .width Set the width of the frame . Reference resources height attribute

7.1.1 background(bg)
background Is used to set the background color of the frame .bg It's an abbreviation .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.Frame(root,bg='blue',width=100,height=100)
b1.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：

Frame control is to create a rectangular area on the screen , Used to hold other controls .
7.1.2 borderwidth(bd)
borderwidth Define the border width of the frame control .bd It's an abbreviation . The default border width is 0. You can adjust the width of the border by setting this property .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.Frame(root,bg='blue',bd=3)
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(b1,width=20)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：

explain ： The blue part on the edge of the input box is the effect after the border is set . If no border is set , There is no blue part .
7.1.3 class
Assign a to the frame control class name .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.Frame(root,bg='blue',bd=3,class_='good')
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(b1,width=20)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

explain : because class yes Python Key words of , So I want to add an underline here ’_’.
7.1.4 colormap
Specify color mapping . Some monitors only support 256 Color （ Some even less ）. This display usually provides a color map to specify which 256 Color . This option allows you to specify the color map and its subassemblies for this frame .
By default , A new framework uses the same color mapping as its parent . Use this option , You can reuse the color mapping of another window （ This window must be on the same screen , And have the same visual characteristics ）. After creating the framework , This option cannot be changed .
7.1.5 container
container = True When , You cannot create a child control in it .False You can . If true, Then this frame Is a container widget . The default is false.
7.1.6 cursor
The shape of the mouse when it passes through the frame control , For more information, see 3.3.6 section .
7.1.7 height and width
Set the height and width of the frame control , Unit is pixel . But if there are child controls , The system will automatically calculate the size of the frame control according to the size of the child control ,height and width Attributes are useless .

7.1.8 highlightbackground,highlightcolor and highlightthickness
These three attributes are used together .highlightbackground Is the border color when the frame control does not get input focus . As shown in Figure 1 .highlightcolor Is the border color when the frame control gets the input focus . As shown in Figure 2 .highlightthickness Defines the width of the border . If you do not define the width of this border , Then it won't show highlightbackground and highlightcolor Defined face , because highlightthickness The default value is 0.

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.Frame(root,bg='blue',width=100,height=100,
highlightbackground='red',
highlightcolor='green',
highlightthickness=5,takefocus=1)
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(root)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：


7.1.9 padx and pady
Set the inner margin of the frame control . See the description in the previous chapter .
7.1.10 relief
Set the effect of the border . For details, see 3.3.5 section . If not defined borderwidth, There is no relief There's no effect . in other words relief It is the beautification effect of the border , The width of the border is 0, that relief Nature has no effect .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.Frame(root,bg='blue',border=10,width=100,
height=100,relief=tk.GROOVE)
b1.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：

7.1.11 takefocus
This property is used to set the frame control to get the input focus .takefocus=True Indicates that input focus can be obtained ,takefocus=False Indicates no . The default value is False.

7.1.12 visual
Define how frames are displayed . The value is ：
best, directcolor, grayscale, greyscale, pseudocolor, staticcolor, staticgray, staticgrey, truecolor, and default
However, many values are for low-end display devices in the past . At present, only best,truecolor and default You can also take values . Other values are exceptions .

7.2 LabelFrame( Label frame control )
LabelFrame Label frame control , Than Frame Frame control has one more label , You can prompt the purpose of the child controls placed in the frame .
There are more label frame controls than frame controls 5 Attributes , It's all about labels .

attribute describe font Define the font of the label forground Define the foreground of the tag （ Text ） Color text Set the text displayed in the label labelanchor Set the location of the label labelwidget Control for setting label position . In addition to the default label , You can also use other controls 7.2.1 text Define the text in the label . This text can be dynamically modified .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.LabelFrame(root,width=100,height=100,
text=' label ',padx=10,pady=10)
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(b1)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：

7.2.2 font
Set the font of the text in the label , Only one font can be set . For a detailed description, see 3.3.3 section .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.LabelFrame(root,width=100,height=100,
text=' label ',padx=10,pady=10,
font=('times',20,'bold'))
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(b1)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：

7.2.3 foreground
Set foreground in label （ Text ） Color .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.LabelFrame(root,width=100,height=100,
text=' label ',padx=10,pady=10,
foreground='red')
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(b1)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：

7.2.4 labelanchor
Set where to display labels . Yes 12 A place ：e, en, es, n, ne, nw, s, se, sw, w, wn, and ws. It is a combination of southeast and northwest directions , The definition of southeast and northwest follows the definition of map , It is left East and right West , Up north down south .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b1 = tk.LabelFrame(root,width=100,height=100,text=' Label location ：e',padx=10,pady=30,labelanchor='e')
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(b1)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：

7.2.5 labelwidget
By default , The label control is used to display prompt information . But it can also be replaced with other controls , For example, button. 、 Input box, etc . The method used is to define a control first , And then assign it to labelwidget That's all right. .

import tkinter as tk
root=tk.Tk()
root.geometry('300x240')
b3=tk.Button(root,text=' Button ')
b1 = tk.LabelFrame(root,width=100,
height=100,labelwidget=b3)
b1.pack()
b2=tk.Entry(b1)
b2.pack()
root.mainloop()

result ：